System of piping for circulating systems.



PATENTED FEB. 5, 1907.

J. C. KITTON. SYSTEM OF PIPING FOR CIROULATING SYSTEMS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 27. 1905.

JOHN C. Kl'lTON, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

*YSTEWI Qt FlPlNC-Z FUR CBRCULATING SYSTEMS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb, 5, 1907.

Application filed November 27. 1905. Saris-1110189362.

To a] 1/171 m it may?concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN G. KITTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dctroit, county ofW'aync, State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Imrovenient in Systems of Piping for Circuliiting Systems, of which the following is a specification, reference bcing, had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification. 7

My invention relates to a system of piping for a circulating system adapted for various .its scope all uses to which it purposes as, for example, a refrigerating systemal though the essential features of the invention might also be employed in a heat" ing system. I will, however, dcscribc my 'invention as app ied to a rcfrigrating system WhQIS heat is to be absorbed, the object being to retard the now through the piping. I would have it understood, however, that my invent on contemplates as coming within "lily invention consists in the mechanism here nafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in-

which- Figure 1 is a view showing in elevation con tain features of my invention, one of the Fig. 2 is a view of the header on the line 2 2, Fig. 3; and Fig. '3 aj plan'view of the header, the pipes being removed.

, i willdescribe my invention for tho purposes of illustration as applied to a rcl'rigerating system; but i would have it understood that I do not limit myself solely thereto.

In arcfrigerating system, it Will be under- I stood, ammonia-gas is circulated through the 'sorber acondenscr 1S employed. Aftcr expiping, and that in conjunction with an ab- .panding the ammonia used 111g system it is to densod. I

My invention may be briefly characterized in the rcl'rigcrab be compressed and. coni as comprising a plurality of sections, each section (:0m1i1lsmg a header, each constructed with a receiving-chamber and with a dischargcchambel' and having in combinationtherewith a' seriF'bl' cxterior tubes communicating with 011ml said chambers and a series of interior tubes communicating with the other of said chambers and with the exterior tubes, the discharge-chamber of, one header communicating with the receivingmay be applied.

nionia enters into the first header of the rested or retarded therein, the liquor beingprevented from going over the corresponding i K In the drawings, a rcprcsents one oi more pipe-headers, each of the headers being constructed with. chamber being indicated at b and chamber being indicated at c, separated by'a diaphragm do ing-chambcr l) enters a series of exterior pipes, (indicated at e,lwithin which are located corrcsponding terior pipcs leading" through the corresponding diaphragmd and into the disclmrge-ohamher 0.

ries of .i o-hcadcrs will be vided Wit describedv rics are shown connected by connectingpipes 7, leading, charge-chamber ceiving-chalnl'ier The interior pipcsf open at their outer ends into t Fig. 1. enters the rcceiviw chambor of the header and v pipe e and the interior pipe f and downward thrbugh the inner discharge-chamber the second header. the second and each successive header passes through the same arrangement of pipes one after another through the entire series .Of headers. the exterior rcction and t opposite direction. terror pipes of each section are preferably of such comparative sizcs as to form a limited or narrow chamber or passage between the inner and the outer pipcs, so that the gas is admitted into the cxteriorpipe and lravcls therothrough in a thin i absorption r count of l a thin film into contact with the piping in its travel. headers with the condcnscr-pressurc behind it. I o

plural chambers, a receivinga d ischargm said chambers Into the rcccivinterior piprsf, the iu- 7O Ordinarily, it will be understood, a secmployed propiping e and f, arranged as above The various headers of the sercspcctivcly, from tl1e disc of one header into the reb of the adjacent header.

The ammonia thus travels through pipes oi each section in one d1- irougli the interior pipes 111 the The interior and ex- ,lacilitatiug the ice oi heat rapidly thereby on scthe ammonia being thus passed in At the same time the gas enters the It will be evident that as the liquid an1- the iccviving-chamber of Sbi'iuS the liquor is arpipes into the corresponding dischargechamber, the ammonia-gas, more or less saturated, passing upward through therestricted passages between the pipes and downward into the discharge-compartment of the header, from whence it. I passes into the receiving-chamber of the th eader therebeneath. Any ammonia that may pass into the receiving-Chamber of the -successive headers of the series as a liquor I (owing to the saturation of the gas) is again arrested or retarded in its further flow, the ammgniargas from each receiving-chamber passing upward through the restricted assages and downward into the correspon ing discharge-chamber of the header. It will be understood that no ammonia-passes from one receiving-chamber to another the series in the form of liquor,the ammonia passing from one header to another only as a saturated gas, each header arresting any ammonia liquor that may enter itsreceiving-chamber, owing to the saturation of the gas, the process 0011- tinuing, the axnmoniagas passing over from one header to another-with less and less saturation from one header of the series to an other until it has finally all become adry gas. If the system of piping was-a continuous system without any interposed headers, the ammonia liquor would pass straightthrough the circulatln system withoutjany interruption; but by tae inter ,osition bf the headers the pipes are never ful ofammonia liquor, as

if, for example, water were. being circulated through the system; but, as above described,

the ammonia liquor is arrested and retarded in its circulation from one system of pi ing'to another by the interposed headers. 1 ject of this construction is to control the passage of the ammonia onthe absorption side of the system, so that it shall flow as slowly as possible. This operation may be COntinued through as many sections-of headers and corresponding pipes as may be desired 01' required.

In order that a series of pipe-headers may be connected to ether, the headers are shown constructed with intcriorly-threaded nipples 7t and i to receive the corres finding conncctin pipes 9. Moreover, in or er that a series of eaders maybe soconnected I prefer to-arrange the pipes e and f at an angle tothe perpendicular, as shown, the pipes diverging toward their upper ends, so that the pipes.

connected with one header may project above'and about the exterior of the header thereabove, as shown.

Experience has shown that: when brine in a refrigerator system has been reduced to, say, 14 below zero applicant has been enabled to carry a back pressure of fifteen pounds, where other systems have not permitted a pressure to be carrie'd of over three or four pounds. Experience also. proves that the retarding of the flow of the ammoma interior. and exterior he obeach openinginto the other of the receivingchamber the two corresponding exterior and interior p pes arranged to form a restricted passage of exterior pipes each ceases allows more absorption of heat than other systems heretofore employed.

I do notlimit myself solely to the method of travel of a gas or liquid through the piping above described, as within the scope of my invention the travel might be reversed or e system of piping might be inverted.

ythis construction and arrangement the gas going up one pipe and traveling back in a reverse diregtion through theinner pi is will liberate more'of its heat than would lie thecase if the travel was all in one direction. Itwill readily be seen that for heating purposes watermay be circulated through the system of piping in the same way, heat being applied to the piping in any customary manner. played also forhot-air heating purposes.

What Ieclaim as my invention'is- 1. A system of piping for a circulating a plurality of sections arranged in substantially v'erLicaLalinement, each section comprising a header constructed with a receiving-chamber and with a discharge-chamber, a series of 'upwardly-diverging exterior pipes each-opening into one of said chambers and having a closed outer end, and a series of interior pipes projecting within the exterior p'pes, each opening into the other of said chambers at its lower end and into the corresponding exterior pipe at itsupper end, the discharge-chamber of one header communicating with the receiving through chamber of the adjacent header. 1 2 A system of piping for a circulatingsystem embodying a plurality of sections arranged in substantially vertical alinement, each section comprising a header constructed with a'receivingechamber and with a dis charge-chamber, a series of upwardly-.divergmgjexterior pipes each opening into one of said chambers, and a series of'interior pipes projecting within the said chambers corresponding the dischargeer communicating with at its lower end and into the exterior pipe at its upper end, chamber of one head way therebetween whereby the flow will be retarded and directed into eachof the ,re

ceiving-chambers and over into the interior pipes and the'rethrough into-the discharge.- chamber.

3'. Asystem of piping for a circulating system embodying a plurality cf sections ar ranged in series one below another, each sec: tion comprising a header constructed with a receiving and a discharge chamberpa series; opening intopnc oi said chambers, and. a series of interior pipes projecting within the exterior pipes each opening into the other of said chanihers at its lower end and into the corresponding ex This system of piping may be'em exterior pipes lIO of the adjacent header,

terior pipcmt its up or end, the dischargechsmher of one hes er coinmlmiceting 'with the receiving-chamber of the ad scent header throughout the series of sections, the two corresponding exterior and interior pipes arranged to form a restricted passage-way therebetwcen, wherehy the flow will be retsrded and directed into each oftheneceiving-chsmhers one after another sndthence' through the corresponding restricted passageway into the corresponding discharge-"charm? her. I 1';-

4. A system of ipin'g for' the emf gases or liquids eni cdying a plum ity o -sections nrren ed in vertical series, each section comprising s header baring eseries of exte} rior pipes and a series of'interior pipes,' the rior pipes arranged to permit'the gas or -quid passing in one direction between the interior and the exterior pipes and back in the opposite direction through the interior pipe, the pipes of one seetion'arrsnge'd to partially surroiind the header and pipes of the next section hbove, and the headers com-.

inunicating one with another. p

, Asysrem of pi in for the passage-0f gases or liquids, em )0 ying a plurality of sections arranged one above the other, each section comprising a headerhsving, two compartments, a series of exterior "pipes comninniceting with one of said compartments and lisving closed outer ends, and a series of interior pipes each opening into the corresponding exterior ipe and into the other compartment of t .e header whereby the gas or liquid may pass in one direction through one of said pipes and back in a reverse direction through theothcr of said pipes, the headers communicating one with another, and the pipes of one section orrenged to partially surround the header and pipes of the section. above.

6. system of piping for a circulating system embodying a plurality of sections each formed with s receiving-chamber and withedischarge-cheniber, and with a. plurality of radiating pipes estsblishing.-com mnnication between said receivingwhiimhor and said discharge-chamber, the dischargechomher of the first section communicating with the receivi ngchemher of the next succeeding section, whereby the flow is directed into each of the receiving-chambers one after the other and thence through the correspond ing radiating pipes into the corresponding discharge-chamber.

, in testimony whereof l have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN C. KITTQN.

Witnesses N. S. WRIGHT,

O. M. Murmur 

